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Islamic view of Abraham

Prophet Ibrāhīm إِبْرَاهِيْمُ Abraham
The proper name ʾIbrāhīm written in Islamic calligraphy, followed by "Peace be upon him".
Born	Ur al-Chaldees, Bilād ar-Rāfidayn
Died	Hebron, Shaam
Resting place	Ibrahimi Mosque, Hebron
Other names	Khalīlullāh (Arabic: خَلِيْلُ ٱللهِ, "Friend of Allah")
Successor	ishaq and Esmail
Spouse(s)	Hajar (Hagar), Sarah, Keturah
Children	Isma'il (Ishmael), Isḥaq (Isaac)
Parent(s)	Aazar (father)[i] Mahalath (mother)
Relatives	Lut (nephew)

According to the Islamic faith, Abraham (Standard arabic: إِبْرَاهِيْمُ, romanized: ʾIbrāhīm pronounced [ʔɪbraːˈhiːm]) was a prophet and messenger^{[two] [3]} of God, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelite Arabs and Israelites.^{[2] [4]} Abraham plays a prominent function every bit an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.^[ii] In Muslim belief, Abraham fulfilled all the commandments and trials wherein God nurtured him throughout his lifetime. Equally a upshot of his unwavering religion in God, Abraham was promised past God to be a leader to all the nations of the globe.^[5] The Quran extols Abraham as a model, an exemplar, obedient and not an idolater.^[6] In this sense, Abraham has been described equally representing "primordial man in universal surrender to the Divine Reality earlier its fragmentation into religions separated from each other by differences in class".^{[7] : 18} Muslims believe that the Kaaba in Mecca was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael as the first house of worship on world. The Islamic holy solar day 'Eid ul-Adha is celebrated in commemoration of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son on God's command, also as the end of the Hajj pilgrimage to the Kaaba.^[7]

Muslims believe that Abraham, too known as Khalilullah (Arabic: خليل الله Trans: friend of God ), became the leader of the righteous in his time and that information technology was through him that Adnanite-Arabs and Israelites came. Abraham, in the belief of Islam, was instrumental in cleansing the earth of idolatry at the time. Paganism was cleared out by Abraham in both the Arabian peninsula and Canaan. He spiritually purified both places also every bit physically sanctifying the houses of worship. Abraham and Isma'il (Ishmael) further established the rites of pilgrimage,^[viii] or Ḥajj ('Pilgrimage'), which are even so followed by Muslims today. Muslims maintain that Abraham further asked God to bless both the lines of his progeny, of Isma'il and Isḥaq (Isaac), and to keep all of his descendants in the protection of God.

Quranic account and Islamic tradition [edit]

Family [edit]

Muslims maintain that Abraham'southward father was Aazar (Standard arabic: آزَر, romanized: Āzar ), which could be derived from the Syriac Athar,^[9] who is known in the Hebrew Bible equally Terah. Abraham had two children, Ishmael and Isaac, who both later became prophets. Abraham's nephew is said to have been the messenger Lut (Lot), who was ane of the other people who migrated with Abraham out of their community. Abraham himself is said to take been a descendant of Nuh through his son Shem.^[x]

Personality and wisdom [edit]

Abraham's personality and character is one of the almost in-depth in the whole Quran, and Abraham is specifically mentioned as being a kind and compassionate man.^[11] Abraham'southward begetter is understood by Muslims to have been a wicked, ignorant and idolatrous man who ignored all of his son's advice. The relationship between Abraham and his father, who in the Quran is named Azar, is central to Abraham'due south story as Muslims understand information technology to constitute a large part of Abraham's personality. The Quran mentions that Abraham'due south father threatened to stone his son to expiry if he did not end in preaching to the people.^[12] Despite this, the Qur'an states that Abraham in his later years prayed to God to forgive the sins of all his descendants and his parents. Muslims have frequently cited Abraham's character equally an example of how kind one must be towards people, and especially i's own parents. A similar instance of Abraham'due south compassionate nature is demonstrated when Abraham began to pray for the people of Sodom and Gomorrah after hearing of God'due south plan through the angel Gabriel for them. Although the angel Gabriel told Abraham that God'south programme was the final word, and therefore Abraham'southward prayers would be of no issue, the Quran nonetheless reinforces Abraham's kind nature through this particular effect.^[thirteen]

Youth [edit]

Ibrahim was built-in in a house of idolaters in the aboriginal city of Ur of the Chaldees, likely the place called 'Ur' in present-day Iraq, in which case, the idolaters would have been practitioners of the hypothesized Aboriginal Mesopotamian religion.^[14] His father Azar was a well-known idol-sculptor that his people worshiped. As a immature child, Ibrahim used to watch his father sculpting these idols from stones or wood. When his father was finished with them, Ibrahim would ask his male parent why they could not move or reply to any request and then would mock them; therefore, his father would always scold him for non post-obit his ancestors' rituals and mocking their idols.^[xv]

Despite his opposition to idolatry, his father Azar would still transport Ibrahim to sell his idols in the marketplace. Once there, Ibrahim would phone call out to passersby, "Who will purchase my idols? They will not aid yous and they cannot hurt you! Who volition buy my idols?" So Ibrahim would mock the idols. He would take them to the river, push their faces into the water and command them, "Drink! Drinkable!" In one case again, Ibrahim asked his father, "How tin can yous worship what does not see or hear or do you any expert?" Azar replied, "Dare you deny the gods of our people? Go out of my sight!" Ibrahim replied, "May God forgive you. No more volition I live with you lot and your idols." After this, Ibrahim left his father'due south habitation for good. During one of the many festivals that would take identify in the city, the people would get together in their temple and place offerings of food before their idols. Ur's most prominent temple is the Peachy Ziggurat, which tin be seen today.^[16] Ibrahim would ask them, "What are y'all worshiping? Do these idols hear when you lot call them? Can they aid you or hurt you?" The people would reply, "It is the fashion of our forefathers." Ibrahim declared "I am sick of your gods! Truly I am their enemy."^[17] After several years, Ibrahim became a swain. He still could not believe that his people were worshipping the statues. He laughed whenever he saw them entering the temple, lowering their heads, silently offering the statues the all-time of their food, crying and request forgiveness from them. He started feeling angry towards his people, who could not realize that these are only stones that could neither benefit nor harm them.^[18]

Searching for the truth [edit]

I nighttime, Abraham went up to the mountain, leaned confronting a stone, and looked up to the heaven. He saw a shining star and said to himself, "Could this be my Lord?" Merely when information technology gear up he said: "I don't like those that set." The star had disappeared so it could not be God. God is ever nowadays. And then he saw the moon rising in splendor and said, "Could this be my Lord?" only the moon also set. At daybreak, he saw the dominicus rising and said, "Could this be my Lord? This is the biggest and brightest!" Simply when the sun also set he said, "O my people! I am complimentary from all that you join as partners with God! I have turned my face towards God who created the heavens and the globe and never shall I associate partners with God. Our Lord is the creator of the heavens and the earth and everything in between. He has the power to make the stars ascent and set." Later on this declaration, Abraham then heard God calling him, "O Abraham " Abraham trembled and said, "Hither I am O my Lord!" God replied, "Submit to Me! Be a Muslim!"Abraham roughshod to the ground, crying. He said: "I submit to the Lord of the universe!" Abraham kept prostrating himself until nightfall. He and so got upwardly and went back to his home, in peace and full of conviction that God has guided him to the truth.

The great burn [edit]

The decision to have Abraham burned at the pale was affirmed past the temple priests and the king of Babylon, Nimrod. The news spread like fire in the kingdom and people were coming from all places to watch the execution. A huge pit was dug upwards and a large quantity of forest was piled up. Then the biggest burn down people ever witnessed was lit. The flames were so high upward in the sky that even the birds could non wing over it for fearfulness of being burnt themselves. Ibrahim's hands and feet were chained, and he was put in a catapult, ready to be thrown in. During this time, Angel Jibril came to him and said: "O Ibrahim! Is there annihilation you wish for?" Ibrahim could have asked to exist saved from the fire or to be taken away, but Ibrahim replied, "God is sufficient for me, He is the best disposer of my affairs." The catapult was released and Ibrahim was thrown into the burn down. God then gave an order to the fire, "O fire! Be coolness and safety for Ibrahim." A miracle occurred, the fire obeyed and burned only his chains. Abraham came out from it as if he was coming out from a garden, peaceful, his face illuminated, and not a trace of smoke on his clothes. People watched in shock and exclaimed: "Astonishing! Abraham's God has saved him from the fire!"^{[ citation needed ]}

Confrontation with Nimrod [edit]

The Quran discusses a very short chat between an unrighteous ruler and Abraham.^[nineteen] Although the rex in the Quran is unnamed, and this fact has been recognized equally existence to the lowest degree of import in the narrative, exterior of the Quran, namely in some of the tafasir,^[twenty] this king has been suggested to be Nimrod.^[21] This Tafsir by Ibn Kathir, a 14th-century scholar, has many embellishments in the narrative like Nimrod claiming divinity for himself. The Tafsir describes Nimrod's quarrel with Ibrahim, how he (Nimrod) became extremely angry and in his 'utter disbelief and arrant rebellion' became a tyrant.^[22]

According to Romano-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, Nimrod was a man who ready his will confronting that of God. Nimrod proclaimed himself as a living god and was worshipped as such by his subjects. Nimrod's consort Semiramis was also worshipped as a goddess at his side. (See also Ninus.) Before Abraham was born, a portent in the stars tells Nimrod and his astrologers of the impending birth of Abraham, who would put an end to idolatry. Nimrod therefore orders the killing of all newborn babies. Still, Abraham'southward female parent escapes into the fields and gives nativity secretly. Flavius Josephus mentions that Abraham confronts Nimrod and tells him contiguous to cease his idolatry, whereupon Nimrod orders him burned at the stake. Nimrod has his subjects gather enough forest so as to burn Abraham in the biggest fire the world had ever seen. Still when the fire is lit and Abraham is thrown into it, Abraham walks out unscathed. In Islam, it is debated whether the conclusion to have Ibrahim burned at the stake came from Nimrod and the temple priests or whether the people themselves became vigilantes and hatched the plan to take him burned at the stake. Co-ordinate to Muslim commentators, after Abraham survived the swell burn down, notoriety in society grew bigger later this consequence. Nimrod, who was the King of Babylon felt that his throne was in danger, and that he was losing ability because upon witnessing Ibrahim coming out of the fire unharmed, a big part of social club started believing in God and Abraham being a prophet of God. Upwardly until this point, Nimrod was pretending that he himself was a god. Nimrod wanted to contend with him and show his people that he, the king is indeed the god and that Ibrahim was a liar. Nimrod asked Ibrahim, "What tin can your God do that I cannot?" Ibrahim replied, "My Lord is He who gives life and death." Nimrod then shouted, "I give life and death! I can bring a person from the street and have him executed, and I can grant my pardon to a person who was sentenced to death and save his life." Abraham replied, "Well, my lord God makes the sun rise from the Eastward. Can y'all make it rising from the West?" Nimrod was confounded. He was browbeaten at his ain game, on his own territory and in forepart of his own people. Abraham left him at that place speechless and went back to his mission of calling people to worship God.^{[23] [24]}

This event has been noted equally especially important considering, in the Muslim perspective, it almost foreshadowed the prophetic careers of future prophets, virtually significantly the career of Moses. Abraham's quarrel with the king has been interpreted by some to exist a precursor to Moses's preaching to Pharaoh. But as the ruler who argued against Abraham claimed divinity for himself, so did the Pharaoh of the Exodus, who refused to hear the telephone call of Moses and perished in the Red Sea. In this detail incident, scholars have further commented on Abraham'southward wisdom in employing "rational, wise and target-oriented" voice communication, every bit opposed to pointless arguments.^[25]

Abraham, in the eyes of many Muslims, also symbolized the highest moral values essential to any person. The Qur'an details the account of the angels coming to Abraham to tell him of the nativity of Ismael. It says that, as soon every bit Abraham saw the messengers, he "hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf."^[26] This action has been interpreted past all the scholars as exemplary; many scholars have commentated upon this ane action, maxim that it symbolizes Abraham'south exceedingly high moral level and thus is a model for how men should human activity in a similar situation. This incident has only farther heightened the "compassionate" grapheme of Abraham in Muslim theology.^[27]

Sacrifice [edit]

Ibrahim'due south Cede; Timurid Album, 1410–1411

In the mainstream narrative, it is assumed that Abraham'due south dream of sacrificing his son was a command past God. The verse in reference (i.eastward. 37:104-105) is in Surah As-Saffat and the interpretation of the pregnant in English is "Nosotros called out to him: O' Ibraheem y'all accept indeed fulfilled the vision. Thus do we award the good doers." It is assumed that Abraham dreamt that God ordered him to sacrifice his son, he agreed to follow God's command and perform the sacrifice; withal, God intervened and informed him that his cede had been accepted. While at that place is no direct mention in the Qur'an of an animal (ram) replacing the boy, it says that he is replaced with a 'cracking cede' (Zibhin azeem).^[28] This great sacrifice denotes the importance of the ram that replaced Ibraheem's son. Tafsir ibn Kathir records Ibn Abbas' explanation of the verse, according to Muhammad'due south teachings. The explanation is as follows:^[29]

"And We ransomed him with a groovy cede" (37:107). It was reported that Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "A ram which had grazed in Paradise for 40 years.''

The Tafsir further goes on to say that the ram's horns were preserved until the time of Muhammad:^[29]

Imam Ahmad recorded that Safiyyah bint Shaybah said, "A woman from Bani Sulaym, who was the midwife of most of the people in our household, told me that the Messenger of Allah sent for `Uthman bin Talhah, may Allah be pleased with him.'' On one occasion she said, "I asked `Uthman, `Why did the Prophet call you' He said, `The Messenger of Allah said to me, I saw the horns of the ram when I entered the House (i.e., the Ka`bah), and I forgot to tell you to comprehend them upward; cover them upwards, for there should not be anything in the House which could distract the worshipper.)''' Sufyan said, "The horns of the ram remained hanging in the Firm until information technology was burned, and they were burned too.'' The Quraysh had inherited the horns of the ram that Ibrahim sacrificed, and they had been passed down from generation to generation, until the Messenger of Allah was sent. And Allah knows best.

From that mean solar day onwards, every Eid al-Adha once a year Muslims effectually the world slaughter an beast to commemorate Abraham'southward cede and to remind themselves of cocky-abnegation in the way of God, and they would share the meat among friends, family unit, the poor and the needy. This is called Qurbani ("cede").^[xxx]

Tabari'south account [edit]

The classical Quranic exegete and historian Tabari offered ii versions, whom Abraham was ordered to sacrifice. According to the first strand, Abraham wished for a righteous son, whereupon an angel appeared to him informing him, that he volition get a righteous son, but when he was born and reached puberty, he must exist sacrificed for God. Afterwards, the angel appeared to Hagar to inform her about the upcoming kid. When Ishmael was grown, someone appeared to Abraham, invites him to keep his vow.^[31]

When Ishmael was grown, someone appeared to Abraham in a dream and said to him: "Keep your vow which you made! God bestowed upon you a boy past Hagar and so that you may cede him" So he said to Ishmael: "Let us get offering a sacrifice to God!" So he took a knife and some rope and went with him until they reached a place in the mountains. The boy said to him: "Oh begetter! Where is your cede?" He replied: "Oh my son, I saw in a dream, that I volition slaughter you. So pay attention to what you lot see". He said, "Oh my father, do what yous accept been commanded; y'all volition discover me, Insha-Allah (if God wills), one of the patient". Ishmael then said to him: "Make tight my bonds, so that I will not struggle to pull back your clothes so that none of my blood will be shed on them for Hagar volition see it and exist grieved. Hurry! Laissez passer the knife over my throat and so that death volition be easy for me. When yous come to Hagar, greet her'. Abraham began to approach him and, while crying, tied him up. Ishmael as well was crying such that the tears gathered past the cheek of Ishmael. He then drew the pocketknife along his pharynx but the knife did not cut, for God had placed a sheet of copper on the throat of Ishmael. When he saw that, he turned him on his forehead and nicked him on the back of the head simply as God has said in Quran 37:103: When they had both submitted and he flung on his forehead, that is they had submitted the affair to God. A voice called out: 'Abraham, yous have fulfilled the vision!" He turned around and behold, there was a ram. He took it and released his son and he bent over his son saying: "Oh my son, today you have been given to me". That comes in God's saying in Quran 37:107: We ransomed him with a great cede.

The 2nd strand, provided by Tabari, states that Abraham was about to cede his son Ishmael, and Iblis appeared in course of a man to forestall the sacrifice.

Iblis (Satan), who had taken on the grade of a human, said: "Where are you going, O Shaikh?" He replied: " I am going to these mountains because I must do something there'. Iblis said: "By God, I have seen that Shaytan has come up to you in a dream and ordered you to slaughter this fiddling son of yours. And you lot intend to practise that slaughtering!" Thereupon Abraham recognized him and said: "Get away from me, enemy of God! Past God, I will most certainly continue to practise what my Lord has allowable". Iblis, the enemy of God, gave upwardly on Abraham merely then he encountered Ishmael, who was behind Abraham conveying the forest and the big pocketknife. He said to him: "O young man, do you realize where your father is taking yous?" He said: "To gather wood for our family from the mountains". He replied: "By God, his bodily intention is to cede you!" He said: "Why?!" Iblis replied: "He claims that his Lord has ordered him to practise and then!" Ishmael replied: "He must do what his Lord commands, admittedly!" When the young human had rebuffed him, Iblis went to Hagar, the mother of Ishmael who was nevertheless at home. Iblis said to her: "Oh mother of Ishmael! Practise y'all realize where Abraham is going with Ishmael?" She replied: "They accept gone to gather forest for us in the mountains". He said: "He has actually gone in club to sacrifice him!" She replied: "It cannot be! He is besides kind and besides loving towards him to do that!" Iblis said: "He claims that God has ordered him to exercise that!" Hagar said: "If his Lord has ordered him to practise that and then he must submit to the command of God!" So the enemy of God returned exasperated at non existence able to influence the family unit of Abraham equally he wished.

Miracles [edit]

Abraham encountered several miracles of God during his lifetime. The Quran records a few primary miracles, although dissimilar interpretations have been attributed to the passages. Some of the miracles recorded in the Quran are:

• Abraham was shown the kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth.^[32]
• Abraham and the phenomenon of the birds.^[33]
• Abraham was thrown into a fire, which became "cool" and "peaceful" for him.^[34]

The get-go passage has been interpreted both literally, allegorically, and otherwise. Although some commentators feel that this passage referred to a concrete miracle, where Abraham was physically shown the entire kingdom of Heaven (Jannah),^[35] others accept felt that it refers to the spiritual understanding of Abraham; these latter scholars maintain that the Chaldeans were skilled in the observance of the stars, just Abraham, who lived amongst them, saw beyond the concrete world and into a higher spiritual realm. The second passage has one mainstream interpretation amongst the Quranic commentators, that Abraham took iv birds and cut them up, placing pieces of each on nearby hills; when he chosen out to them, each slice joined and four birds flew back to Abraham.^[36] This miracle, as told past the Quranic passage, was a demonstration by God to show Abraham how God gave life to the dead. Equally the physical cut of the birds is not implied in the passage, some commentators have offered alternative interpretations, but all maintain that the phenomenon was for the same demonstrative purpose to bear witness Abraham the power God has to heighten the dead to life.^[37] The third passage has also been interpreted both literally and metaphorically, or in some cases both. Commentators state that the 'fire' refers to the main aspects. They maintained that, firstly, the burn down referred to the concrete flame, from which Abraham was saved unharmed. The commentators further stated that, secondly, the fire referred to the 'fire of persecution', from which Abraham was saved, as he left his people after this with his wife Sarah and his nephew Lot.^[38]

Title [edit]

Abraham is given the title Khalilullah (Arabic: خَلِیْل‌ ٱلله, romanized: Ḫalīl Allāḥ , lit.'Friend of God') in Islam.^[4] The Quran says:

Who can be better in faith than ane who submits his whole self to Allah, does good, and follows the way of Abraham the true in Religion? For Allah did take Abraham for a friend.

This particular title of Abraham is so famous in Muslim culture and tradition that, in the areas in and effectually Mecca, Abraham is oftentimes referred to solely as The Friend.^[xl] This championship of Friend of God is not exclusive to Islamic theology. Although the other religious traditions do not stress upon it, Abraham is chosen a Friend of God in the second Book of Chronicles and the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)^[41] as well every bit in the New Testament.^[42]

Relationship with Islamic shrines [edit]

1 of Abraham'south most important features in Islamic theology is his office as the constructor of the Kaaba. Although tradition recounts that Adam constructed the original Kaaba, which was demolished by the Great Flood at the time of Noah, Abraham is believed to have rebuilt information technology in its original form. The Quran, in the Muslim perspective, only confirms or reinforces the laws of pilgrimage. The rites were instituted past Abraham and for all Muslims, every bit they perform the pilgrimage, the event is a style to return to the perfection of Abraham's religion.^[43] Merely as Medina is referred to every bit the "City of the Prophet [Muhammad]" or simply the "City of Muhammad", Mecca is frequently cited as the "Urban center of Abraham", because Abraham's reformation of the monotheistic religion is believed to have taken place in Mecca.^[7] Likewise, Islamic conventionalities links the original sanctuary of Al-Aqsa in the Sometime Metropolis of Jerusalem to Abraham.^[44]

• 

  The Maqam (Station) of Abraham which is believed by Muslims to contain his footprints, nearly the Kaaba in Al-Masjid Al-Haram

Suhuf [edit]

The Quran refers to certain Scrolls of Abraham. All Muslim scholars take more often than not agreed that no scrolls of Abraham survive, and therefore this is a reference to a lost body of scripture.^[45] The Scrolls of Abraham are understood by Muslims to refer to certain revelations Abraham received, which he would accept so transmitted to writing. The exact contents of the revelation are not described in the Qur'an.

The 87th chapter of the Quran, Surat al-Ala, concludes past maxim the subject matter of the sura has been in the before scriptures of Abraham and Moses. It is slightly indicative of what were in the previous scriptures, co-ordinate to Islam:

Therefore give admonition in case the admonition profits (the hearer).
The admonition will exist received by those who fear (God):
But it volition be avoided past those near unfortunate ones,
Who will enter the Corking Burn down,
In which they volition then neither die nor alive.
But those volition prosper who purify themselves,
And glorify the proper name of their Guardian-Lord, and (elevator their hearts) in prayer.
Nay (behold), ye prefer the life of this globe;
Merely the Hereafter is better and more enduring.
And this is in the Books of the primeval (Revelation),-
The Books of Abraham and Moses.

Surat an-Najm mentions some more discipline matters of the before scriptures of Abraham and Musa (Moses):

Nay, is he not acquainted with what is in the Books of Moses-
And of Abraham who fulfilled his engagements?-
Namely, that no bearer of burdens can comport the burden of some other;
That man can have nothing but what he strives for;
That (the fruit of) his striving volition soon come in sight:
And so will he be rewarded with a reward complete;
That to thy Lord is the final Goal;
That it is He Who granteth Laughter and Tears;
That it is He Who granteth Death and Life;
That He did create in pairs,- male and female,
From a seed when lodged (in its place);
That He hath promised a Second Creation (Raising of the Dead);
That it is He Who giveth wealth and satisfaction;
That He is the Lord of Sirius (the Mighty Star);
And that it is He Who destroyed the (powerful) ancient 'Ad (people),
And the Thamud nor gave them a lease of perpetual life.
And before them, the people of Noah, for that they were (all) most unjust and most insolent transgressors,
And He destroyed the Overthrown Cities (of Sodom and Gomorrah).
So that (ruins unknown) take covered them up.
Then which of the gifts of thy Lord, (O man,) wilt thou dispute virtually?
This is a Warner, of the (serial of) Warners of erstwhile!
The (Judgment) ever budgeted draws nigh:
No (soul) but God can lay it bare.
Do ye then wonder at this recital?
And will ye laugh and not cry,-
Wasting your time in vanities?
Merely autumn ye down in prostration to God, and adore (Him)!

Yet some scholars^{[ by whom? ]} suggested information technology to be a reference to the Sefer Yetzirah, equally Jewish tradition generally ascribed its authorship to Abraham.^{[ citation needed ]} Other scholars, however, wrote of a certain Testament of Abraham, which they explained was available at the time of Muhammad.^[46]

The Quran contains numerous references to Abraham, his life, prayers, and traditions and has a dedicated chapter named Ibrahim. On a relevant note, sura al-Kahf was revealed as an answer from God to the Jews who inquired of Muhammad near past events. Here God directly instructed Muhammad in sura Al-Kahf, not to consult the Jews for verifying the three stories about which they inquired.

Enter non, therefore, into controversies concerning them, except on a matter that is articulate, nor consult whatever of them about (the thing of) the Sleepers.

The reason existence God declaring He Himself is relating what needs to exist verified in another verse of al-Kahf:

We relate to thee their story in truth: they were youths who believed in their Lord, and We advanced them in guidance:

Regarding consultation with the People of the Book, it is also narrated by Abu Hurairah in hadith:

Narrated Abu Huraira: The people of the Scripture (Jews) used to recite the Torah in Hebrew and they used to explain it in Arabic to the Muslims. On that God'southward Apostle said, "Practise not believe the people of the Scripture or disbelieve them, but say:-- "We believe in God and what is revealed to united states."

Therefore, relating to any ascription of the Scrolls of Abraham by the people of the book is non required.

Significance as a patriarch [edit]

Abraham is besides extremely important as a leader of Islam and every bit a patriarch of the Islamic faith. Muslims recognize Abraham as the ancestor through whom many other prophets and saints (Wali) came, including Moses, Jesus (Isa) and Muhammad. The Quran lists, in the sixth chapter, some of the greatest figures to have through Abraham'due south progeny:

That was the reasoning about Us, which We gave to Abraham (to apply) confronting his people: Nosotros raise whom We will, degree after degree: for thy Lord is full of wisdom and knowledge.
Nosotros gave him Isaac and Jacob: all (3) guided: and earlier him, Nosotros guided Noah, and among his progeny, David and Solomon and Job and Joseph and Moses and Aaron: thus exercise We advantage those who practice good:
And Zakariya and John, and Jesus and Elias: all in the ranks of the righteous:
And Isma'il and Elisha, and Jonah, and Lot: and to all, We gave favor to a higher place the nations:
(To them) and to their fathers, and progeny and brethren: We chose them, and we guided them to a direct mode.

—Qur'an, sura six (Al-An'am), ayat 83-87^[47]

Abraham's narrative in the Quran indirectly refers to his function every bit ane of the great patriarchs. The Quran says that God made Abraham "an Imam to the Nations"^[5] and father to Muslims,^[48] and his narrative records him praying for his offspring.^[49] The Quran further states that Abraham's descendants were given "the Book and Wisdom",^[50] and this fact is reinforced in a poetry which states that Abraham'south family was one of those in which the gift of prophecy was established as a generic trait.^[51] The Quran emphasizes upon Abraham'southward significance as it states that Abraham'due south family, Noah, Adam and the family unit of Amram were the four selected by God above all the worlds.^[52] As a result of his significance as a patriarch, Abraham is sometimes given the championship Male parent of the Prophets. Of Abraham'due south immediate sons, the Quran repeatedly establishes the gifts God bestowed upon them. Ishmael, along with Elisha and Dhul-Kifl (possibly Ezekiel), is regarded as being "of the Company of the Good."^[53] and one of the men who was given "favour higher up the nations."^[54] In improver, Ishmael is described every bit being "true to what he promised, and he was a messenger (and) a prophet."^[55] Likewise, the Quran says of Isaac that he was "of the company of the Elect and the Adept."^[56] and was "a prophet,- one of the Righteous."^[57] and farther describes him as "of Power and Vision."^[58] Abraham is commemorated past all Muslims. As is the case with every prophet and apostle, it is Islamic custom to say "Peace be upon him" later saying Abraham's name. Abraham's unique position every bit the constructor of the Ka'bah, as well every bit the establisher of the pilgrimage rites, is indirectly commemorated when Muslims perform the pilgrimage, or Hajj, in Mecca. Muslims sacrifice (Qurban) a domestic fauna on Eid al-Adha, which is done in office to recall Abraham's bravery during his trial of the nearly-sacrifice of his son. Muslims further mention Abraham in their approved prayer every day, in which they inquire God to anoint Muhammad'south family equally He blessed Abraham's family.

Burial place [edit]

Muslims believe that Abraham was buried, along with his wife Sarah, at the Cavern of the Patriarchs in the Old City of Hebron, the West Bank. Known to Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham it is as well thought to be the burial site of his son Isaac, his married woman Rebecca, their son Jacob, and his married woman Leah.^{[59] [60]}

• 

• 

  Cenotaph over Abraham'due south grave in his mosque

• 

  In the section of the cave which is a mosque, this grate allows visitors to wait downwardly into a shaft measuring 40 feet (12 metres), which leads to the basis level of the cave where Abraham and Sarah are cached

Narrative in the Quran [edit]

References [edit]

In that location are numerous references to Abraham in the Quran, including, twice, to the Scrolls of Abraham;^[61] in the latter passage, it is mentioned that Abraham "fulfilled his engagements?-",^[62] a reference to all the trials that Abraham had succeeded in. In a whole series of chapters, the Qur'an relates how Abraham preached to his customs as a youth and how he specifically told his begetter, named Azar,^[one] to leave idol-worship and come up to the worship of God.^[63] Some passages of the Quran, meanwhile, deal with the story of how God sent angels to Abraham with the annunciation of the punishment to be imposed upon Lot's people in Sodom and Gomorrah.^[64] Other verses mention the nigh-sacrifice of Abraham's son,^[28] whose proper name is non given simply is presumed to be Ishmael as the following verses mention the birth of Isaac.^[vii] The Quran too repeatedly establishes Abraham's part as patriarch and mentions numerous of import descendants who came through his lineage, including Isaac,^[65] Jacob^[66] and Ishmael.^[67] In the later chapters of the Quran, Abraham's role becomes nonetheless more than prominent. The Quran mentions that Abraham and Ishmael were the reformers who fix up the Ka'bah in Mecca as a center of pilgrimage for monotheism^[68] The Quran consistently refers to Islam as "the Religion of Abraham" (millat Ibrahim)^[69] and Abraham is given a championship equally Hanif (The Pure, "true in Organized religion" or "upright human being").^[70] The Quran likewise mentions Abraham as one whom God took as a friend (Khalil),^[39] hence Abraham'due south title in Islam, Khalil-Allah (Friend of God). The term is considered by some to be a derivation of the patriarch's championship, Qal El (Hebrew: קל-אל, "Voice of God").^{[71] [72]} Other instances in the Quran which are described in a curtailed manner are the rescue of Abraham from the fire into which he was thrown past his people';^{[73] [74]} his pleading for his male parent;^[75] his quarrel with an unrighteous and powerful king^[76] and the miracle of the dead birds.^[33]

All these events and more than have been discussed with more than details in Muslim tradition, and especially in the Stories of the Prophets and works of universal Islamic theology.^[77] Certain episodes from the life of Abraham have been more than heavily detailed in Islamic text, such as the arguments between Abraham and the evil king, Nimrod, the near-cede of his son, and the story of Hagar and Ishmael, which Muslims commemorate when performing pilgrimage in Mecca. An important Islamic religious vacation, Eid al-Adha, commemorates Abraham'due south willingness to cede his son Ishmael as an human activity of obedience to God, before God intervened to provide him with a sheep to cede instead.^[78] In some cases, some believe these legends in Islamic text may have influenced afterwards Jewish tradition.^[79]

Verses [edit]

• Abraham's attributes: 2:124, xi:75–123, xvi:120
• Abraham'south faith: ii:130, iv:125, 6:83–84, 6:161, nine:114, eleven:74, 12:half-dozen, 16:120, nineteen:41, xix:47, 21:51, 22:78, 26:83–85, 29:27, 37:84, 37:88, 37:104, 37:109–111, 37:113, 38:45–47, 43:28, 53:37, 57:26, 60:4
• God tried Abraham: 2:124, 37:102
• Abraham'due south preaching: 2:130–231, 2:135–136, ii:140, iii:67–68, 3:84, iii:95, 4:125, 4:163, 6:74, 6:76–81, six:83, half dozen:161, xiv:35–37, xiv:40, 21:52, 21:54, 21:56–57, 21:67, 22:26, 26:69–73, 26:75, 26:78–fourscore, 26:87, 29:xvi–17, 29:25, 37:83, 37:85–87, 37:89, 37:91, 37:92, 37:93, 37:94–96, 43:26–28, 60:iv
• Development of the Kaaba: 2:127
• Abraham'due south pilgrimage: 2:128, 22:27
• Abraham every bit God'due south friend: iv:125
• Penalty to Abraham's people: 9:70
• Moving to Shaam: 21:71, 29:26
• Abraham, Hagar, and Ismael: 14:37, 37:101
• Dreaming of resurrecting a dead trunk: ii:260
• Arguing with Nimrod: ii:258
• Abraham and his father
  • Abraham preached to his father: half-dozen:74, 19:42–45, 21:52, 26:70, 37:85, 43:26
  • His male parent'southward idolatry: 6:74, 26:71
  • Abraham asked forgiveness for his father: fourteen:41, 19:47, lx:4
  • Arguing with the people: 21:62–63, 21:65–66
  • Abraham moved away from the people: nineteen:48–49, 29:26, 37:99, 43:26, 60:4
  • Abraham's warnings for the idols: 21:57–58, 21:lx, 37:93
  • Thrown into the fire: 21:68, 29:24, 37:97
  • Saved from the fire: 21:69–lxx, 29:24, 37:98
• Good news nigh Isaac and Jacob: 6:84, 11:69, 11:71–72, 14:39, xv:53, 15:54–55, 21:72, 29:27, 37:112, 51:28–thirty
• Dreaming of his son's sacrifice: 37:102–103

See also [edit]

• Abraham and Islamic architecture
• Biblical narratives and the Quran
• Legends and the Quran
• Muhammad in the Quran

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Quran six:74
2. ^ ^{a b c} Sajjadi, Sadeq (2015) [2008]. "Abraham". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica. Vol. i. Translated by Negahban, Farzin. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0028. ISBN978-90-04-16860-2. ISSN 1875-9823.
3. ^ Quran 87:19
4. ^ ^{a b} Siddiqui, Mona. "Ibrahim – the Muslim view of Ibrahim". Religions. BBC. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
5. ^ ^{a b} Quran 2:124
6. ^ Quran xvi:120
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Glassé, Cyril (1991). "Abraham". Kaaba. The Curtailed Encyclopedia of Islam. HarperSanFrancisco, Suhail Academy. pp. 18–19. ISBN0-0606-3126-0.
8. ^ Quran two:128
9. ^ Geiger 1898 Judaism and Islam: A Prize Essay, p. 100
10. ^ "Ibrahim". Encyclopedia of Islam, Online version.
11. ^ Quran eleven:75
12. ^ Quran 19:46
13. ^ Lives of the Prophets, L. Azzam, Suhail Academy Co.
14. ^ Jacobsen, Thorkild. "Mesopotamian religion". Encyclopædia Britannica.
15. ^ Abraham's opposition to idols
16. ^ Zettler, R. L.; Horne, Fifty., eds. (1998), Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archæology and Anthropology
17. ^ "Abraham and the Idols (Middle Eastern, Islamic, Muslim Legends, Stories)". aaronshep.com.
18. ^ Pan India Internet Pvt Ltd. "Ibrahim - Father of Prophets - Prophets of Muslim community - Prophet Ibrahim". festivalsofindia.in. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
19. ^ "Quran translation Comparison | Al-Quran Surah two. Al-Baqara, Ayah 258 | Alim". www.alim.org . Retrieved 8 May 2019.
20. ^ "Tafsir Surah 2:258". quranx.com . Retrieved 8 May 2019.
21. ^ History of the Prophets and Kings, Tabari, Vol. I: Prophets and Patriarchs
22. ^ Ibn Kathir, Umar. "Tafsir ibn Kathir". p. See department: 2.258 Kathir - Ibn Al Kathir.
23. ^ "The Father of the Prophets". islamicity.com.
24. ^ "Ibn Kathir: Story of Prophet Ibrahim/Abraham (pbuh)". islamawareness.net.
25. ^ Book 1: The Prophet Abraham, Harun Yahya, The Unbeliever Advised Past Abraham, Online. web.
26. ^ Quran 11:69
27. ^ Volume one: The Prophet Abraham, Harun Yahya, Angels Who Visited Abraham, Online. web.
28. ^ ^{a b} Quran 37:100–111
29. ^ ^{a b c} ShareIslam. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir - English [37. As-Saffat - Poesy: 104]". www.recitequran.com . Retrieved 16 May 2020.
30. ^ Deeper Pregnant of Sacrifice in Islam
31. ^ Rippin, Andrew; Knappert, Jan (15 October 1990). Textual Sources for the Study of Islam. The University of Chicago Press. p. 63. ISBN978-0-2267-2063-0.
32. ^ Quran 6:75
33. ^ ^{a b} Quran 2:260
34. ^ Quran 21:68–lxx
35. ^ The Book of Certainty, K. Lings, S. Academy Publishing
36. ^ Stories of the Prophets, Kisa'i/Kathir, Story of Abraham
37. ^ Quran: Text, Translation, Commentary, Abdullah Yusuf Ali, notation. 285
38. ^ Quran: Text, Translation, Commentary, Abdullah Yusuf Ali, annotation. 2703
39. ^ ^{a b} Quran 4:125
40. ^ Mecca: From Earlier Genesis Until Now, Thousand. Lings. Archetype Books
41. ^ Isaiah 41:8 and 2 Chronicles 20:7
42. ^ James 2:23
43. ^ Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society. ISBN978-0-946621-33-0.
44. ^ ^{a b c} Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Mod Studies (1986). Goss, V. P.; Bornstein, C. V. (eds.). The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and Westward During the Menstruation of the Crusades. Vol. 21. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. p. 208. ISBN0918720583.
45. ^ A-Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism, B. M. Wheeler, Abraham
46. ^ Tafsir and Commentary on 87: 18-nineteen & 53: 36-37, Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Muhammad Asad
47. ^ Quran 6:83–87. See also Islamic view of David, Islamic view of Solomon, Job (prophet) and Islamic view of Joseph
48. ^ Quran 22:78
49. ^ Quran 14:35
50. ^ Quran iv:54
51. ^ Quran 19:58
52. ^ Quran 3:33
53. ^ Quran 38:48
54. ^ Quran half dozen:86
55. ^ Quran 19:54
56. ^ Quran 38:47
57. ^ Quran 37:112
58. ^ Quran 38:45
59. ^ Emmett, Republic of chad F. (2000). "Sharing Sacred Space in the Holy Land". In Murphy, Alexander B.; Johnson, Douglas 50.; Haarmann, Viola (eds.). Cultural encounters with the environment: enduring and evolving geographic themes. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 271–291. ISBN978-0-7425-0106-5.
60. ^ Gish, Arthur G. (20 December 2018). Hebron Journal: Stories of Nonviolent Peacemaking. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN978-1-5326-6213-iii.
61. ^ Quran 87:18–19 and 53:36–37
62. ^ Quran 53:37
63. ^ Quran 37:83–89, 26:68–89, 19:41–50, 43:26–28, 21:51–73, 29:16–28 and 6:74–84
64. ^ Quran 52:24–34, 25:51–60, eleven:69–76 and 29:31
65. ^ Quran 25:53
66. ^ Quran 29:49, 21:72, 29:27, half dozen:84, xi:71 and 38:45–47
67. ^ Quran 2:132–133
68. ^ Quran 2:123–141, iii:65–68, 3:95–97, 4:125, 4:26–29 and 22:78
69. ^ Quran ii:135
70. ^ Quran three:67
71. ^ Weinstein, Simcha (2006). Up, Upwards, and Oy Vey! (1st ed.). Leviathan Printing. ISBN 978-1-881927-32-7
72. ^ World Jewish Digest (Aug 2006; posted online 25 July 2006): "Superman'southward Other Secret Identity", by Jeff Fleischer
73. ^ Quran 37:97 and 21:68–70
74. ^ 21:51–73
75. ^ Quran 28:47
76. ^ Quran 2:58
77. ^ Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Ibrahim; Tales of the Prophets, Kisa'i, Ibrahim
78. ^ Diversity Agenda: Eid al-Adha Archived nineteen October 2012 at the Wayback Auto University of Kansas Medical Center
79. ^ J. Eisenberg, EI, Ibrahim

References [edit]

• Saad Assel, Mary (2010). 25 Icons of Peace in the Qur'an: Lessons of Harmony. iUniverse. p. 244. ISBN9781440169014.
• Mehar, Iftikhar Ahmed (2003). Al-Islam: Inception to Conclusion. AL-ISLAM. p. 240. ISBN9781410732729.
• Islam Kotob. Stories Of The Prophets Past Ibn Kathir. Islamic Books.
• Lalljee, compiled by Yousuf N. (1993). Know your Islam (3rd ed.). New York: Taknike Tarsile Quran. p. 255. ISBN978-0-940368-02-6.

Further reading [edit]

General [edit]

• P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; Clifford Edmund Bosworth; E. van Donzel; Westward.P. Heinrichs (eds.). "Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd edition)". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.

Abraham and the Kaaba [edit]

• Martin Lings, Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now, Archetype
• Leila Azzam, Lives of the Prophets, Abraham and the Kaaba, Suhail University

Abraham's life [edit]

• Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, Vol. II: Prophets and Patriarchs
• Ibn Kathir, Stories of the Prophets, Chapter 6: Story of Abraham

External links [edit]

• The Story of the Prophet Ibrahim & His Wife Hajar
• The Sacrifice Of Abraham: Isaac or Ishmael?

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam

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